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Islamic views on evolution
Islamic views on evolution are diverse, ranging from theistic evolution to creationism. Some Muslim thinkers have proposed and accepted elements of the theory of evolution, while believing in the supremacy of God in the process. In modern times, some Muslims have rejected evolution, and teaching it is banned in some countries. The underlying issue is that Adamic descent, as written in the Quran, is contradicted by modern biological anthropology and empirical evidence.〔http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/human/〕 One modern scholar, Usaama al-Azami, suggested that both narratives of creation and of evolution, as understood by modern science, may be believed by modern Muslims as addressing two different kinds of truth, the revealed and the empirical.
==Theology==
Muslims scholars do not believe in Young Earth creationism, a doctrine held to by a plurality of Americans since 1982 to the present.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/21814/Evolution-Creationism-Intelligent-Design.aspx )〕 Islamic views of the Bible vary. In recent years, a movement has begun to emerge in some Muslim countries promoting themes that have been characteristic of Christian creationists. This stance has received some criticism, due to claims that the Quran and Bible are incompatible.〔 Khalid Anees, of the Islamic Society of Britain, has discussed the relationship between Islam and evolution:〔"Islam also has its own school of Evolutionary creationism/Theistic evolutionism, which holds that mainstream scientific analysis of the origin of the universe is supported by the Quran. Many Muslims believe in evolutionary creationism, especially among Sunni and Shia Muslims and the Liberal movements within Islam. Among scholars of Islam İbrahim Hakkı of Erzurum who lived in Erzurum then Ottoman Empire now Republic of Turkey in the 18th century is famous for stating that 'between plants and animals there is sponge, and, between animals and humans there is monkey'."〔Erzurumi, İ. H. (1257). ''Marifetname''〕
Muslims accept science as being fully compatible with Islam and readily accept microevolution and the belief in macroevolution, with the only exception being human evolution. Within the corpus of Islamic sources there is nothing whatsoever that contradicts microevolution. Evolution on a larger scale from one type of species to another (excluding humans) as in macroevolution, is equally acceptable and justifiable as per Islamic sources. According to Islam, the only exception that is made is the creation of mankind. Humans are not viewed as being part of the whole evolutionary scheme, but rather being a unique and honored creation of Allah. (17:70, 38:75 ). (From an Islamic perspective, everything takes place according to Allah's will and permission and as predestined by Him alone. (54:49 )) In light of this, the concept of natural selection is not always accepted in Islam.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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